Such properties are Hue, Value and Intensity or Chroma.
Hue: - It is another name for colour, Hue is also the basic identity of any colour which has not been neutralized The following list best represent hue.
Yellow, Red, Blue, Green, Violet, Orange, Yellow-Green, Yellow-Orange Red-Violet, Red-Orange, Blue-Green, and Blue-Violet. Colours like pink, grey, brown and the like are left out because they have been neutralized in a way.
However, a colour's hue can be changed by mixing that colour with another colour which actually changes the wavelength of the ray of light. For example, yellow added to green will result in yellowish green and a change in hue.
ii. Value: - It is the variation of colour tones in terms of lightness or darkness.
The value of a colour can be increased by adding some quantity of white. This process is called 'Tint. The value can equally be lowered by adding some black which is referred to as 'shade'.
iii. Intensity or Chroma: - This is the actual brilliance or brightness of a colour without any neutralizing colour added to it. When a little white or black or any other colour for that matter is added to a particular colour, it immediately loses its original purity and intensity.
METHODS OF MIXING COLOURS
Colour mixing is an important aspect of painting and designing exercise. A well prepared layout or rough could be messed up when student failed to get the colour scheme right. Knowing the colour combinations to use is not enough, mixing and obtaining the right tone is very important.
Improper use of black and white as neutralizing agents often makes students' work look dull, chalky or muddy. For instance, the use of pure black is capable of making a colour look very dull while colour grey achieved by mixing complimentary colours will make such a colour look brighter and livelier.
To avoid muddy or chalky colour by the use of white as brightening agent, such white should be added to the basic colours separately and the two tinted primary colours can then be mixed.
Mixing blue and red and then adding white to it might result in the chalky looking appearance we are talking about.
Mixing too many colours in painting can also result in chalky looking work "known as ash-effect. Some colours serve as neutralizers. They include -
Grey, Blue, White and Brown.
How Colour Grey can be obtained
i. Mixing two complimentary colours together e.g. Red + Green; Blue + Orange; Yellow + Violet etc.
ii. The three primary colours mixed together can result in grey by neutralizing each other e.g.
Red + Blue + Yellow.
ili. The three secondary colours mixed together will neutralize each other to form grey; e.g.
Violet, Green and Orange.
iv. Adding black to some white.
v. Black mixed with any other colour produces grey. Example - Black + Yellow gives neutralized Yellow.
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